There is no one-size-fits-all education model for children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). Every child and child’s school is different, and what works for one may not work for another. That said, there are some general education models that may be more conducive to success for children with ADD.
In this blog post, we’ll take a look at three of the most common learning models – the inclusion model, the pull-out model, and the self-paced model – and discuss the pros and cons of each. We will also direct you to the education models that best embrace these learning styles so that you can begin your search for the best possible school for your child. We hope this information will help you decide on the best educational approach for your child with ADD.
What Is ADD?
We hear the term ADD thrown around a lot, but what exactly is it?
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can affect children and adults of all ages. It is characterized by difficulty with attention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Children with ADD often struggle to focus on tasks for long periods of time, resulting in low academic performance and difficulty completing tasks. Additionally, Children with ADD may experience difficulties with organization, planning ahead, self-regulation, social interaction, and communication- all skills needed for a successful academic career.
The exact cause of ADD is still unknown; however, research suggests that genetics may play a role in its development. Symptoms usually become apparent in early childhood and tend to persist throughout life. There are several treatment options available for children who suffer from ADD which include psychotherapy, medication such as stimulants or atomoxetine, or a combination of both; however, the best treatment plan should be tailored to the individual’s needs.
It is important to note that while the symptoms of ADD can be disruptive, many children with the disorder lead successful lives once they receive proper diagnosis and treatment. With patience and support from family members and professionals alike, children with ADD can learn to manage their symptoms and achieve success academically and personally.
Helping a child with an ADD diagnosis to succeed begins with identifying the appropriate learning environment with staff who understand the needs of children with ADD. There are educational models that are best suited for ADD students that will encourage the child to put forth a sustained mental effort.
How Does ADD Affect the Learning Process?
It is common for ADD to negatively affect a child’s education. ADD can affect a child’s ability to focus and pay attention in class for prolonged periods of time, making it difficult to complete tasks in an organized manner, and cause problems with memory retention. This inevitably leads to lower grades, more difficulty completing assignments, frustration for teachers and parents alike, as well as feelings of low self-esteem and worthlessness in the child.
Fortunately, there are several educational models that are structured in a way that helps children with ADD succeed academically.
By enrolling your child in a school that uses the appropriate learning styles, educators, parents, and children will benefit more from the education process.
3 Teaching Methods for Kids With Attention Deficit Disorder
Each child is unique, but research shows that the following learning styles work best for children with an ADD diagnosis. If your child attends a traditional school, either public or private, these are ways that accommodations may be provided for their learning.
Inclusion Model
The inclusion model is one of the most popular education models for younger children with ADD. This model involves placing the child in a regular classroom setting but providing him/her with additional support from special education teachers and professionals to ensure that the child can keep up with their peers.
In many cases, the special accommodations will be documented in a protected 504 Plan. The 504 Plan follows the student and ensures these accommodations throughout their academic career, even into undergraduate and graduate school. This type of instruction focuses on teaching students with ADD in a way that suits their needs, such as providing more one-on-one instruction or breaking down tasks into smaller steps.
This model can be very successful for young children with ADD and is becoming increasingly popular among educators. It helps to improve a child’s behavior, assimilate them with other students, and encourage peer tutoring, which can benefit many children instead of just one. This method has become a critical tool for any educator that is passionate about teaching children with ADD.
Pull-Out Model
The pull-out model involves removing the child from the regular classroom for a certain amount of time each day to work on special education activities. This type of instruction focuses more on helping the child with ADD develop their academic and social skills in a setting that is separate from their peers. It also allows for more personalized instruction, which can be beneficial for children who have difficulty focusing in larger groups.
Self-Contained Model
The self-contained model is a more intensive form of special education that involves placing the child in a separate classroom setting for the entire day. This type of instruction focuses on providing an environment where students with ADD can focus on their individual needs without feeling overwhelmed or distracted by their peers.
By utilizing one of these models, educators and parents can work together to ensure that children with attention deficit disorder receive the best education possible. With proper guidance and support, these students can achieve their full potential and lead successful lives.
It is important to remember that every child with ADD is unique; therefore, it is critical for parents and the child’s teacher to tailor an individualized plan of action when considering different treatment and education plans. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act has made this process easier. Under this bill, you have rights. Meet with your child’s guidance counselor or academic resource specialist to create the educational experience best for your child.
Education Models That Best Suit Kids with ADD
When it comes to education models, we have a lot of data to tell us what works and what doesn’t for kids with ADD. However, it can be challenging to find the right school that checks all of the unique boxes for your child. Research shows us that hands-on learning in an environment where kids have structure and are actively engaged in the learning experience are most effective. The American Academy of Pediatrics reports that school is an essential part of an ADD treatment plan to include behavioral classroom management, which encourages a child’s positive behaviors within the classroom.
If you are struggling with traditional school and want to find a school that will meet the needs of your child with ADD, here are some types of schools that you may want to explore.
Schools with ADD Specific Curriculum
Across North America, there are both private and public schools that specialize in education students with ADD. The Forman School is a boarding school that claims to be the first and best coed college preparatory school for students with learning differences. They assert that their program will guarantee admission to a four-year college for each and every student. If your child is highly motivated to continue their education past high school and they are currently struggling, a school like this may be a viable option. Eagle Hill School is another such school.
There are also many ADD focused schools that are not boarding schools. Cumberland Academy of Georgia is a private school in Atlanta that is well-known for specializing in the needs of children with high-functioning learning differences, like ADD.
If private school is not an option, many public school districts, especially those in urban areas, have extensive programs for students with ADD. This may be in the form of a special campus or even a charter school. In some areas, entire public schools have been designated to assist students with ADD progress through their education.
Montessori School
The Montessori educational model is a structured, hands-on, self-directed model that is known to be a supportive model for children with ADD.
Minimalistic
A Montessori classroom environment is minimalistic by design. The Montessori philosophy emphasizes simplicity and avoids overstimulation. Classroom spaces are neutral and all furniture and learning tools are constructed from natural materials. The Montessori environment is a relief for many students with ADD, as there are fewer distractions.
Self-Paced
Children who attend Montessori schools are not pressured to progress. They are permitted to learn at their own pace. Children are encouraged to move freely throughout the classroom, exploring the learning materials that interest them. When they are ready to move onto something else, they do. Children with ADD typical struggle with being rushed. For this reason, the Montessori classroom feels like a safe and comfortable learning environment to them. Self-paced learning helps children with ADD to self-regulate and develop their concentration levels.
Learning Materials
Montessori learning materials are intentional and they isolate concepts, allowing children to focus on learning one thing at a time. For example, a typical busy board will have several activities (buttons, zipper, snap, etc) on one board. Children with ADD may struggle with this type of busy board because there are too many options. A frame is the Montessori version of a busy board, however each frame has only one task to perform. The child practices with the task until they master it and then they can move on to another frame. A frame may have a row of buttons, a zipper, or a tie. The frame is also self-correcting. Children can easily identify for themselves if they have made a mistake. Montessori tools do not require a teacher to tell them that they are incorrect- they can tell by themselves.
Forest School
Children with ADD struggle to sit at a desk and listen. Research shows that all humans are hard-wired to listen and move at the same time, in fact. Once a child attending Forest School understands that the only expectation is listening and understanding, they are better able to self-regulate. A study published in Pediatrics shows us that children who move their bodies often and extensively, pay better attention, have better impulse control, and problem solving abilities. Children who are spatially aware, are more confident, making it easier to retain new information. All of this data suggests that Forest School is a great choice for students with ADD.
The Forest School approach is very physical, self-led, and mostly occurs in natural outdoor settings. In Forest School, there is more value in the journey than the outcome. Being surrounded by nature is calming and reduces stress. The pressure to learn at a specified pace no longer exists for students at Forest School and for this reason, kids with ADD thrive.
Reggio Emilia
Baring similarities to Montessori, the Reggio Emilia education model is a child-centered approach that encourages children to pursue their interests through self-directed learning. A great option for small children, Reggio Emilia schools typically go up to age 6.
The Reggio Emilia curriculum not only helps children with ADD improve sensory learning and motor skills, it also helps with problematic social behaviors that result from ADD. For example, a child who consistently interrupts the teacher and peers is not disciplined or ignored. Rather the teacher, trained in Reggio Emilia methods, will help the child to gain empathy for their peers and understand the natural consequences of interrupting.
High/Scope
The High/Scope method is another early education method that can benefit small children with ADD. This education model focuses on collaborative learning, structure activities, and social interaction. Tools such as hour glasses, timers, and fun clocks are used to encourage smooth transitions and maintain structure. Physical activity is used as part of learning.
The use of open-ended questions encourages children to share their thoughts with the group and work through emotions. Communication and self-esteem are improved through the High/Scope education model.
Froebel
The Froebel philosophy of education promotes motor skills, social interaction, and self-expressive creativity. It is known to be a rigidly structured curriculum, which is why it can be effective for children with ADD. It stresses the following:
- Play is how children learn. Play is purposeful and imperative.
- Children can only learn at their own pace. Each child develops differently and forcing children to learn subject matter for which they are not ready is fruitless.
- The teacher is a guide. They are not the knowledge keepers, but helpful guides during the journey of learning.
- Movement is necessary. Froebel classrooms encourage movement of all types.
Steiner/Waldorf
Another education approach that is effective for children with ADD is the Steiner Waldorf approach. This education model emphasizes that children are whole beings and need to be surrounded by a beautiful, comfortable setting to properly learn. The key principles of this approach are:
- Children learn using all five senses. Lessons are designed to appeal to the “whole child.”
- Imagination is the heart of learning. Storytelling, crafts, and drama are essential.
- Life skills are part of a well-rounded education. Students learn sewing, wood carving, cooking, and knitting.
- The arts is the path to lifelong learning. All the subjects can be examined through the eye of art.
There are several education models that support the unique needs of a child with ADD. Once you choose a school, it is important to create an individualized plan for your child to ensure that they are progressing in their academic journey. With the appropriate support and guidance, your child will have a much better chance of academic success.